HMPV: Everything You Need To Know About The Respiratory Virus On Rise (image: Pixabay)

HMPV Virus: Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) on Monday has confirmed two cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in Karnataka. Both cases – first one, a 3-month-old female infant and second, a 8-month-old male infant – were detected at Bangalore’s Baptist Hospital.

As the HMPV is raising concerns of another health crisis after Covid-19 pandemic, let’s look at the virus in detail.

What is HMPV?

Human Metapneumovirus or HMPV is a respiratory virus belongs to Paramyxoviridae family. Considered a seasonal disease, the virus is usually prevalent in winter and early spring. HMPV primarily affects upper and lower respiratory tracts. Though anyone can be infected with the virus, it is most commonly seen in children, elderly or those with weakened immune system.

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What are the symptoms of HMPV?

The symptoms of HMPV are similar to those of cold and other respiratory illness. These include: cough, fever, sore throat or nasal congestion. In severe cases, the virus can lead to more severe difficulties like wheezing, shortness of breath, pneumonia, and bronchitis.

How HMPV spreads?

HMPV spreads in way similar to any other respiratory illnesses such as flu or the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person, respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing, and through touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face, eyes or mouth.

Who is at risk?

As per the reports, the HMPV likely to pose huge threat to young children – especially under five, older adults, people with respiratory diseases and with compromised immune system.

What are the preventive measures?

The preventive measures include washing hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds and using alcohol-based hand sanitizers when soap is not available. Avoid close contact with individuals showing respiratory illness. When sneezing or coughing, cover the mouth and nose. Disinfect the surfaces, and if feeling unwell, the infected individual should self-isolate to avoid spreading the virus.

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How HMPV is treated ?

There is no approved antiviral treatment or vaccine available for HMPV.  Most infections are mild, and resolve on their own. Treatment involves mitigating the symptoms and preventing severe complications.