IIM Lucknow Researchers Conduct Study On Forest And Mineral Resource Management In India
The Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow (IIM) researcher Prof. Priyanshu Gupta, Assistant Professor, Business Sustainability, in collaboration with Prof. Rajesh Bhattacharya, Professor, Public Policy and Management Group, IIM Calcutta, has conducted and published a groundbreaking paper in the journal Land Use Policy. Their study looks into the challenges and conflicts in managing forests and mineral resources in India.
India’s mineral wealth lies predominantly beneath its dense, biodiversity-rich forests, home to many tribal communities. This scenario creates a conflict of interest among mining activities, environmental conservation, and the rights and development of tribal populations. The central question remains: which use of the forests should be prioritized?
The research team examined India’s Go-No-Go policy, which aims to determine the type of forests that should be protected and could be used for issuing faster mining clearances. The policy was introduced in 2009, and later renamed the Inviolate Areas policy which sought to address the conflict between miners, environmentalists, and the rights of the tribal population. Its objective was to identify and conserve ecologically significant forests while expediting the grant of clearances in less critical areas. The researchers reviewed the policy’s development and the hurdles it has encountered under their research.
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The research team utilized data from extensive government documents obtained through India’s Right to Information Act 2005 (RTI). This was supplemented by interviews with senior bureaucrats, policymakers, and experts, providing a comprehensive view of the policy process.
Speaking about their research work, Prof. Priyanshu Gupta, Assistant Professor, Business Sustainability, IIM Lucknow said, “The rights over different uses of forest resources are fragmented across stakeholders. For instance, the government oversees mineral development, the environment ministry handles conservation objectives at national scale, and local communities have rights to forest produce and managing their local forest resources. This fragmentation often causes conflicts and delays, leading to calls for faster clearances and mechanisms like single window clearances that appear to resolve all resource-related trade-offs at one go. The Go-No-Go policy was one such attempt. However, the design of such mechanisms is itself challenging: the design of Go-No-Go policy has been shaped by inter-ministerial conflict manifesting through the consultative processes and institutional mechanisms visualized in India’s democratic framework. Till date, the policy still remains un-notified even though it has significant implications”
The analysis suggests that removing politics from policy decisions is not the solution, as public policy is inherently political and requires input from all stakeholders. The paper argues that focusing solely on efficiency and coordination may result in temporary solutions.
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The study challenges the notion that “anti-commons” property, where too many parties have rights to resources, is inherently problematic. Instead, Prof. Gupta views it as a necessary process for democratic consultation, ensuring that all stakeholders have a say, leading to more balanced and sustainable outcomes.
The study underscores the complexities of balancing competing interests in forest and mineral governance. It highlights the necessity of integrating political context and thorough stakeholder consultations to achieve sustainable and equitable outcomes.
